总叙 Outline
弟子规 圣人训 首孝悌 次谨信
泛爱众 而亲仁 有余力 则学文
易解：弟子规这本书，是依据至圣先师孔子的教诲而编成的生活规 范。首先在日常生活中，要做到孝顺父母，友爱兄弟姊妹。其次在一切日常生活言语行为中要小心谨慎，要讲信用。和大众相处时要平等博爱，并且亲近有仁德的 人，向他学习，这些都是很重要非做不可的事，如果做了之后，还有多余的时间精力，就应该好好的学习六艺等其他有益的学问。
"Standards for Being a Good Student and Child" was taught by Chinese saints and sages of the ancient past.
First it teaches you how to be dutiful to your parents,and how to be respectful and loving to your siblings. Then it teaches you how to be cautious with all people, matters and things in your daily life, and to be a trustworthy person.
Furthermore, it teaches you to love all equally, be close to and learn from people of virtue and compassion.
When you have accomplished all the above duties, you can further study and learn literature and art to improve the quality of your cultural and spiritual life.
入则孝 At Home, Be Dutiful To Your Parents
父母呼 应勿缓 父母命 行勿懒
父母教 须敬听 父母责 须顺承
易解：父母呼唤，应及时回答，不要慢吞吞的很久才应答，父母有事 交代，要立刻动身去做，不可拖延或推辞偷懒。父母教导我们做人处事的道理，是为了我们好，应该恭敬的聆听。做错了事，父母责备教诫时，应当虚心接受，不可 强词夺理，使父母亲生气、伤心。（君子闻过则喜，小人闻过则怒。）
When your parents call you, answer them right away.When they ask you to do something, do it quickly.
When your parents reproach you, obey and accept their reproach; try hard to change and improve yourself and start anew.
冬则温 夏则凊 晨则省 昏则定
出必告 反必面 居有常 业无变
易解：侍奉父母要用心体贴，二十四孝的黄香（香九龄），为了让父 亲安心睡眠，夏天睡前会帮父亲把床铺扇凉，冬天寒冷时会为父亲温暖被窝，实在值得我们学习。早晨起床之后，应该先探望父母，并向父母请安问好。下午回家之 后，要将今天在外的情形告诉父母，向父母报平安，使老人家放心。外出离家时，须告诉父母要到那里去，回家后还要当面禀报父母回来了，让父母安心。平时起居 作息，要保持正常有规律，做事有常规，不要任意改变，以免父母忧虑。
In the winter, keep them warm, in the summer, keep them cool.
Greet them in the morning to show them that you care; at night be sure that they rest well.
Before going out, tell your parents where you are going, as parents are always concerned about their children. After retuning home, see your parents and let them know you are back so they do not worry about you.
Have a permanent place to stay and lead a routine life; persist in whatever you do and do not change your aspirations at will.
事虽小 勿擅为 苟擅为 子道亏
物虽小 勿私藏 苟私藏 亲心伤
易解：纵然是小事，也不要任性，擅自作主，而不向父母禀告。如果 任性而为，容易出错，就有损为人子女的本分，因此让父母担心，是不孝的行为。公物虽小，也不可以私自收藏占为己有。如果私藏，品德就有缺失，父母亲知道了 一定很伤心。
Although a matter may be considered trivial, but if it is wrong to do it or unfair to another person, do not do it thinking it will bear little or no consequence.
If you do, you are not being a dutiful child because parents do not want to see their child doing things that are irrational or illegal.
Even though an object might be small, do not hoard it.
If you do, your parents will be heartbroken.
亲所好 力为具 亲所恶 谨为去
身有伤 贻亲忧 德有伤 贻亲羞
亲爱我 孝何难 亲憎我 孝方贤
亲有过 谏使更 怡吾色 柔吾声
谏不入 悦复谏 号泣随 挞无怨
易解：父母亲所喜好的东西，应该尽力去准备，父母所厌恶的事物， 要小心谨慎的去除（包含自己的坏习惯）。要爱护自己的身体，不要使身体轻易受到伤害，让父母亲忧虑。（曾子曰：“身体发肤受之父母，不敢毁伤”）。要注重 自己的品德修养，不可以做出伤风败德的事，使父母亲蒙受耻辱。当父母亲喜爱我们的时候，孝顺是很容易的事；当父母亲不喜欢我们，或者管教过于严厉的时候， 我们一样孝顺，而且还能够自己反省检点，体会父母的心意，努力改过并且做得更好，这种孝顺的行为最是难能可贵。 父母亲有过错的时候，应小心劝导改过向善，劝导时态度要诚恳，声音必须柔和，并且和颜悦色，（子夏问孝。子曰：“色 难。”）如果父母不听规劝，要耐心等待，一有适当时机，例如父母情绪好转或是高兴的时候，再继续劝导；如果父母仍然不接受，甚至生气，此时我们虽难过得痛 哭流涕，也要恳求父母改过，纵然遭遇到责打，也无怨无悔，以免陷父母于不义，使父母一错再错，铸成大错。
Whatever pleases your parents,if it is fair and reasonable, try your best to get it for them.
Whatever displeases your parents, if within reason, cautiously keep it away from them.
When your body is hurt, your parents will be worried.
If your virtues are compromised, your parents will feel ashamed.
When you have loving parents, it is not difficult to be a dutiful child.
If your parents hate you and you are still dutiful to them, only then will it meet the standards of the saints and sages for being a dutiful child.
When your parents do wrong, urge them to change.
Do it with a kind facial expression and a warm gentle voice.
If they do not accept your advice, wait until they are in a happier mood before you attempt to dissuade them again.
Followed by crying, if necessary, to make them understand. Do not hold a grudge against them if they resort to whipping you.
亲有疾 药先尝 昼夜侍 不离床
丧三年 常悲咽 居处变 酒肉绝
丧尽礼 祭尽诚 事死者 如事生
易解：父母亲生病时，子女应当尽心尽力的照顾，一旦病情沉重时， 更要昼夜服侍，不可以随便离开。父母去世之后，守孝期间（古礼三年），要常常追思、感怀父母教养的恩德。自己的生活起居必须调整改变，不能贪图享受，应该 戒绝酒肉（请参考地藏经，孝子应如何给往生者修福）。办理父母亲的丧事要哀戚合乎礼节，不可草率马虎，也不可以为了面子铺张浪费，才是真孝顺。（论语： 生，事之以礼，死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。）祭拜时应诚心诚意，对待已经去世的父母，要如同生前一样恭敬。（论语：祭如在，祭神如神在。）
When your parents are ill, taste the medicine first before giving it to them.(Chinese people take herbal medicine prescribed by Chinese doctors. Herbs are boiled with water to make a liquid medicine. Before giving such medicine to one's parents, a child should taste if first to make sure it is not too hot.)
During the first three years of mourning after your parents have passed away, remember them with gratitude and ofter feel sad for not being able to repay them for their kindness in raising you.
During this period you should arrange your home to reflect your grief and sorrow. Avoid festivities and indulgence in food and alcoholic drinks.
Observe proper etiquette in arranging your parents' funerals. Hold the memorial ceremony and commemorate their anniversaries with your utmost sincerity.
Serve your departed parents as if they were still alive.
出则弟 Standards for Being a Younger Brother When Away from Home
兄道友 弟道恭 兄弟睦 孝在中
财物轻 怨何生 言语忍 忿自泯
易解：当哥哥姊姊的要友爱弟妹，作弟妹的要懂得恭敬兄姊，兄弟姊 妹能和睦相处，一家人和乐融融，父母自然欢喜，孝道就在其中了。与人相处不斤斤计较财物，怨恨就无从生起。言语能够包容忍让，多说好话，不说坏话，忍住气 话，不必要的冲突、怨恨的事情自然消失不生。（言语为福祸之门。孔门四科有：德行、言语、政事、文学。可见言语之重要。）
Older sibling should befriend the younger ones, younger sibling should respect and love the older ones.
Siblings who keep harmonious relationships among themselves, are being dutiful to their parents.
When siblings value their ties more than property and belongings, no resentment will grow among them.
When siblings are careful with words and hold back hurtful comments, feelings of anger naturally die out
或饮食 或坐走 长者先 幼者后
长呼人 即代叫 人不在 己即到
易解：良好的生活教育，要从小培养；不论用餐就座或行走，都应该 谦虚礼让，长幼有序，让年长者优先，年幼者在后。长辈有事呼唤人，应代为传唤，如果那个人不在，自己应该主动去询问是什么事？可以帮忙就帮忙，不能帮忙时 则代为转告。（“人生以服务为目的，不以夺取为目的。”青少年守则明言：助人为快乐之本。）
Whether you are drinking, eating, walking, or sitting, let the elders go first, younger ones should follow.
When an elder is asking for someone, get that person for him right away.
If you cannot find that person, immediately report back and put yourself at the elder's serve.
称尊长 勿呼名 对尊长 勿现能
路遇长 疾趋揖 长无言 退恭立
骑下马 乘下车 过犹待 百步余
易解：称呼长辈，不可以直呼姓名，在长辈面前，要谦虚有礼，不可 以炫耀自己的才能；路上遇见长辈，应向前问好，长辈没有事时，即恭敬退后站立一旁，等待长辈离去。古礼：不论骑马或乘车，路上遇见长辈均应下马或下车问 候，并等到长者离去稍远，约百步之后，才可以离开。（敬老尊贤）
When you address an elder, do not call him by his given name, this is in accord with ancient Chinese etiquette.
In front of an elder, do not show off.
If you meet an elder you know on the street, promptly clasp your hands and greet him with a bow.
If he does not speak to you, step back and respectfully stand aside.
If an elder you know is on foot while you are riding on a horse, you should dismount and pay respect to elder. If you are riding in a carriage, you should stop, get out of the carriage and ask if you can give him a ride.
If you meet an elder passing by, you should stand aside and wait respectfully. Do not leave until the elder disappears from your sight.
长者立 幼勿坐 长者坐 命乃坐
尊长前 声要低 低不闻 却非宜
进必趋 退必迟 问起对 视勿移
事诸父 如事父 事诸兄 如事兄
易解：与长辈同处，长辈站立时，晚辈应该陪著站立，不可以自行就 坐，长辈坐定以后，吩咐坐下才可以坐。与尊长交谈，声音要柔和适中，回答的音量太小让人听不清楚，也是不恰当的。有事要到尊长面前，应快步向前，退回去 时，必须稍慢一些才合乎礼节。当长辈问话时，应当专注聆听，眼睛不可以东张西望，左顾右盼。
对待叔叔、伯伯等尊长，要如同对待自己的父亲一般孝顺恭敬，对待同族的兄长（堂兄姊、表兄姊），要如 同对待自己的兄长一样友爱尊敬。
When an elder is standing,do not sit.
After an elder sits down, sit only when you are told.
Before an elder, speak softly.
If your voice is too low and hard to hear, it is not appropriate.
When meeting an elder, walk briskly towards him; when leaving, do not exit in haste.
When answering a question, look at the person who is asking you the question.
Serve your uncles as if you are serving you parents.
Treat you cousins as if they are your own siblings.
谨 Be Cautious in Your Daily Life
朝起早 夜眠迟 老易至 惜此时
晨必盥 兼漱口 便溺回 辄净手
易解：为人子应早起，把握光阴及时努力，若经常晚睡、甚至熬夜， 不但对身体健康不好，也影响白天正常的作息。岁月不待人，青春要珍惜。 （少壮不努力，老大 徒悲伤。） 早晨起床后，务必洗脸、刷牙、漱口使精神清爽，有一个好的开始。大小便后，一定 要洗手，养成良好的卫生习惯，才能确保健康。（防止肠病毒，要学会洗手，手心、手背、指缝间均要仔细搓洗）（陶渊明诗：盛年不重来，一日难再晨。及时当勉励，岁月不待人。）
Get up in the morning before your parents; at night, go to bed only after they have gone to sleep.
When you realize that time is passing you by getting older year by year, you will especially treasure the present moment.
Wash your face when you get up in the morning, and brush your teeth.
After using the toilet, always wash your hands.
冠必正 纽必结 袜与履 俱紧切
置冠服 有定位 勿乱顿 致污秽
衣贵洁 不贵华 上循份 下称家
对饮食 勿拣择 食适可 勿过则
易解：要注重服装仪容的整齐清洁，戴帽子要戴端正，衣服扣子要扣 好，袜子穿平整，鞋带应系紧，否则容易被绊倒，一切穿著以稳重端庄为宜。回家后衣、帽、鞋袜都要放置定位，避免造成脏乱，要用的时候又要找半天。（大处著 眼，小处著手，养成良好的生活习惯，是成功的一半。） 穿衣服需注重整洁，不必讲究昂贵、名 牌、华丽。穿著应考量自己的身份及场合，更要衡量家中的经济状况，才是持家之道。（不要为了面子，更不要让虚荣心作主，无谓的开销就是浪费。） 日常饮食要注意营养均衡，多吃蔬菜水果，少吃肉，不要挑食，不可以偏食，三餐常吃八分饱，避免过量，以免增加身体的负 担，危害健康。
You must wear your hat straight, and make sure the hooks of your clothes are tied.
Make sure socks and shoes are neatly and correctly worn.
Place your hat and clothes away in their proper place.
Do not carelessly throw your clothes around, for that will get them dirty.
It is more important that your clothes are clean, rather than how extravagant they are.
When with an elder or people of importance, wear what is suitable for your station. At home, wear clothes according to your family traditions and customs.
When it comes to eating and drinking, do not pick and choose your food.
Eat only the right amount; do not over eat.
年方少 勿饮酒 饮酒醉 最为丑
步从容 立端正 揖深圆 拜恭敬
勿践阈 勿跛倚 勿箕踞 勿摇髀
易解：饮酒有害健康，要守法，青少年未成年不可以饮酒。成年人饮 酒也不要过量，试看醉汉疯言疯语，丑态毕露，惹出多少是非？（论语：“食不厌精，脍不厌细。”夫子劝勉我们：食物不要过分讲求精美，烹调不要过分要求细 致。） （老子说：圣人为腹不为目。饮食是为了吃饱肚子，不是为了满足口目。）当今的文明病 例如：癌症、糖尿病…等多为营养过多，与营养失衡所造成。应注意过份加工，太精致的食品，都含有化学添加物，有害健康，不宜食用。 走路时步伐应当从容稳重，不慌不忙，不急不缓；站立时要端正有站相，须抬头挺胸，精神饱满，不可以弯腰驼背，垂头丧 气。（立如松，行如风，坐如钟，卧如弓。） 问候他人时，不论鞠躬或拱手都要真诚恭敬，不能 敷衍了事。进门时脚不要踩在门槛上，站立时身体也不要站得歪歪斜斜的，坐的时候不可以伸出两腿，腿更不可以抖动，这些都是很轻浮、傲慢的举动，有失君子风 范。
You are still too young, do not drink alcohol.
When you are drunk, your behavior will turn ugly.
Walk composed, with light and even steps. Stand up straight and tall.
Your bows should be deep, with hands held in front an arms rounded. Always pay your respect with reverence.
Do not step on doorsills. Do not stand leaning on one leg.
Do not sit with your legs apart or sprawled out.
Do not rock the lower part of your body while sitting down.
缓揭帘 勿有声 宽转弯 勿触棱
执虚器 如执盈 入虚室 如有人
事勿忙 忙多错 勿畏难 勿轻略
易解：进入房间时，不论揭帘子、开门的动作都要轻一点、慢一些， 避免发出声响。在室内行走或转弯时，应小心不要撞到物品的棱角，以免受伤。拿东西时要注意，即使是拿著空的器具，也要像里面装满东西一样，小心谨慎以防跌 倒或打破。进入无人的房间，也要像有人在一样，不可以随便。做事不要急急忙忙慌慌张张，因为 忙中容易出错，不要畏苦怕难而犹豫退缩，也不可以草率，随便应付了事。
Lift the curtain slowly, do not make a sound.
Leave yourself room when you turn, make sure you do not bump into a corner.
Hold carefully empty containers as if they were full.
Enter empty room as if they were occupied.
Avoid doing things in a hurry, as doing things in haste will lead to many mistakes.
Do not be afraid of difficult tasks, but do not become careless when a job is too easy.
斗闹场 绝勿近 邪僻事 绝勿问
将入门 问孰存 将上堂 声必扬
人问谁 对以名 吾与我 不分明
易解：凡是容易发生争吵打斗的不良场所，如赌博、色情等是非之 地，要勇于拒绝，不要接近，以免受到不良的影响。一些邪恶下流，荒诞不经的事也要谢绝，不听、不看，不要好奇的去追问，以免污染了善良的心性。
将要入门之前，应先问：“有人在吗？”不要冒冒失失就跑进去。进入客厅之前，应先提高声音，让屋内 的，知道有人来了。如果屋里的人问：“是谁呀？”应该回答名字，而不是：“我！我！”让人无法分辨我是谁？
Keep away from rowdy places.
And do not ask about things that are abnormal or unusual.
When you are about to enter a main entrance, ask if someone is inside.
Before entering a room, make yourself heard so that those inside know someone is approaching.
If someone asks who you are, give your name.
To answer "It is me" or "Me" is not clear.
借人物 及时还 后有急 借不难
易解：借用别人的物品，一定要事先讲明，请求允许。如果没有事先 征求同意，擅自取用就是偷窃的行为。借来的物品，要爱惜使用，并准时归还，以后若有急用，再借就不难。（谚云：好借好还，再借不难。）
Before borrowing things from others, you must ask for permission.
If you do not ask, it is stealing.
When borrowing things from others, return them promptly.
Later on, when you have an urgent need, you will not have a problem borrowing from them again.
信 Be Trustworthy
凡出言 信为先 诈与妄 奚可焉
话说多 不如少 惟其是 勿佞巧
奸巧语 秽污词 市井气 切戒之
When you speak, honesty is important.
Deceitful words and lies are not allowed
Rather than talking too much, it is better to speak less.
Speak the truth, do not twist the facts.
Cunning words, foul language and bad habits must be avoided a all costs.
易解：开口说话，诚信为先，答应他人的事情，一定要遵守承诺，没 有能力做到的事不能随便答应，至于欺骗或花言巧语，更不能使用！（论语：与朋友交言而有信。信近于义，言可复也。注：复者实践也，约定的事情要合乎义理才 能实践。） 话多不如话少，话少不如话好。说话要恰到好处，该说的就说，不该说的绝对不说， 立身处世应该谨言慎行，谈话内容要实事求是，所谓：‘词，达而已矣！’；不要花言巧语，好听却靠不住。奸诈取巧的语言，下流肮脏的话，以及街头无赖粗俗的 口气，都要避免不去沾染。（论语·子曰：君子欲讷于言，而敏于行。）
见未真 勿轻言 知未的 勿轻传
事非宜 勿轻诺 苟轻诺 进退错
凡道字 重且舒 勿急疾 勿模糊
彼说长 此说短 不关己 莫闲管
易解：任何事情在没有看到真相之前，不要轻易发表意见，对事情了 解得不够清楚明白时，不可以任意传播，以免造成不良后果。（谣言止于智者，不要被谣言所利用。） 不合义理的事，不要轻易答应，如果轻易允诺，会造成做也不是，不做也不好，使自己进退两难。 讲话时要口齿清晰，咬字应该清楚，慢慢讲，不要太快，更不要模糊不清。 遇到他人来说是非，听听就算了，要有智慧判断，不要受影响，不要介入是非，事不关己不必多管。
What you have not seen with your own eyes, do not readily tell to others.
What you do not know for sure, do not easily pass on to others.
When asked to do something that is inappropriate or bad, do not promise lightly.
If you do, you will be wrong either way.
When speaking, make the words clear and to the point.
Do not talk too fast or mumble.
Some like to talk about the good points of others, while some like to talk about the faults of others.
If it is none of your business, do not get involved.
见人善 即思齐 纵去远 以渐跻
见人恶 即内省 有则改 无加警
易解：看见他人的优点或善行义举，要立刻想到学习看齐，纵然目前 能力相差很多，也要下定决心，逐渐赶上。 看见别人的缺点或不良的行为，要反躬自省，检讨自己是否也有这些缺失，有则改之，无则加勉。（见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。）（子曰：三人行。必有我师 焉，择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。）
When you see others do good deeds, think about following their example.
Even though you are still far behind, you are getting closer.
When you see others do wrong, immediately reflect upon yourself. If you have made the same mistake, correct it. If not, be extra cautious not to make the same mistake.
唯德学 唯才艺 不如人 当自砺
若衣服 若饮食 不如人 勿生戚
闻过怒 闻誉乐 损友来 益友却
闻誉恐 闻过欣 直谅士 渐相亲
易解：每一个人都应当重视自己的品德、学问、和才能技艺的培养， 如果感觉到有不如人的地方，应当自我惕励奋发图强。至于外表穿著，或者饮食不如他人，则不必放在心上，更没有必要忧虑自卑。（论语·颜回 居陋巷，一箪食、一瓢饮，人不堪其忧，回也不改其乐。）（※君子忧道不忧贫） 如果一个人听到别人说自己的缺失就生气，听到别人称赞自己就欢喜，那么坏朋友就会来接近你，真正的良朋益友反而逐渐疏远退却了。反之，如果听到他人的称 赞，不但没有得意忘形，反而会自省，唯恐做得不够好，继续努力；当别人批评自己的缺失时，不但不生气，还能欢喜接受，那么正直诚信的人，就会渐渐喜欢和我 们亲近了。（人以群分，物以类聚。同声相应，同气相求。）
When your morals, conduct, knowledge, and skills are not as good as others, you should encourage yourself to be better.
If the clothes you wear, and the food you eat and drink are not good as others, do not be ashamed.
If criticism makes you angry and compliments make you happy, bad company will come your way and good friends will shy away.
If you are uneasy about compliments and appreciative of criticism, sincere,understanding,and virtuous people will gradually come close to you.
无心非 名为错 有心非 名为恶
过能改 归于无 倘掩饰 增一辜
易解：无心之过称为错，若是明知故犯，有意犯错便是罪恶。知错能 改，是勇者的行为，错误自然慢慢的减少消失，如果为了面子，死不认错，还要去掩饰，那就是错上加错了。 （子曰：知过能改，善莫大焉！又曰：知耻近乎勇。）
If your mistake is not done on purpose, if is only an error.
If it is done on purpose, it is evil.
If you correct your mistake and do not repeat it, you no longer have the mistake.
If you try to cover it up, you will be doubly wrong.
泛爱众 Love All Equally
凡是人 皆须爱 天同覆 地同载
行高者 名自高 人所重 非貌高
才大者 望自大 人所服 非言大
易解：只要是人，就是同类，不分族群、人种、宗教信仰，皆须相亲 相爱。同是天地所生万物滋长的，应该不分你我，互助合作，才能维持这个共生共荣的生命共同体。（物种以竞争为目的。人类以互助合作为目的。） 德行高尚者，名望自然高超。大家所敬重的是他的德行，不是外表容貌。有才能的人，处理事情的能力卓越，声望自然不凡， 然而人们之所以欣赏佩服，是他的处事能力，而不是因为他很会说大话。
Human beings regardless of nationality, race, or religion, should be loved equally.
We are all sheltered by the same sky and we all live on the same planet Earth.
A person of high ideals and morals is highly respected.
What people value is not based on outside appearance.
A person's outstanding ability will naturally honor him with a good reputation.
Admiration from others does not come from talking big or praising oneself.
己有能 勿自私 人所能 勿轻訾
勿谄富 勿骄贫 勿厌故 勿喜新
人不闲 勿事搅 人不安 勿话扰
易解：当你有能力可以服务众人的时候，不要自私自利，只考虑到自 己，舍不得付出。对于他人的才华，应当学习欣赏赞叹，而不是批评、嫉妒、毁谤。不要去讨好巴结富有的人，也不要在穷人面前骄傲自大，或者轻视他们。不要喜 新厌旧，对于老朋友要珍惜，不要贪恋新朋友或新事物。对于正在忙碌的人，不要去打扰他，当别人心情不好，身心欠安的时候，不要闲言闲语干扰他，增加他的烦 恼与不安。
If you are a very capable person, use your capabilities for the benefit of others.
Other people's competence should not be slandered.
Do not flatter the rich,or despise the poor.
Do not ignore old friends and take delight in new ones.
When a person is busy, do not bother him with matters.
When a person's mind is not at peace, do not bother him with words.
人有短 切莫揭 人有私 切莫说
道人善 即是善 人知之 愈思勉
扬人恶 即是恶 疾之甚 祸且作
善相劝 德皆建 过不规 道两亏
易解：别人的缺点，不要去揭穿，对于他人的隐私，切忌去张扬。赞 美他人的善行就是行善。当对方听到你的称赞之后，必定会更加勉励行善。张扬他人的过失或缺点，就是作了一件坏事。如果指责批评太过分了，还会给自己招来灾 祸。朋友之间应该互相规过劝善，共同建立良好的品德修养。如果有错不能互相规劝，两个人的品德都会有缺陷。
If a person has a shortcoming, do not expose it.
If a person has a secret, do not tell others.
Praising the goodness of others is a good deed in itself.
When people approved of and praised you, you should feel encouraged and try even harder.
Spreading rumors about the wrongdoings of others, is a wrongdoing in itself.
When the harm done has reached the extreme, misfortunes will surely follow.
When encouraging each other to do good, the virtues of both are built up.
If you do not tell other of their faults, you will both be wrong.
凡取与 贵分晓 与宜多 取宜少
将加人 先问己 己不欲 即速已
易解：财物的取得与给予，一定要分辨清楚明白，宁可多给别人，自 己少拿一些，才能广结善缘，与人和睦相处。 事情要加到别人身上之前（要托人做事），先要反 省问问自己：换作是我，喜欢不喜欢，如果连自己都不喜欢，就要立刻停止。（子曰：己所不欲，勿施于人。要设身处地为别人著想。）
Whether you take or give, you need to know the difference between the two.
It is better to give more and take less.
What you ask others to do, ask yourself first if you will do it.
If it is not something you will do, do not ask others to do it.
恩欲报 怨欲忘 报怨短 报恩长
待婢仆 身贵端 虽贵端 慈而宽
势服人 心不然 理服人 方无言
易解：受人恩惠要时时想著报答，别人有对不起自己的事，应该宽大 为怀把它忘掉，怨恨不平的事不要停留太久，过去就算了，‘不要老放在心上，处罚自己，苦恼自己！’至于别人对我们的恩德，要感恩在心常记不忘，常思报答。对待家中的婢女与仆人，要注重自己的品行端正并以身作则，虽然品行端正很重要，但是仁慈宽大更可贵，如果仗势强逼别人 服从，对方难免口服心不服。唯有以理服人，别人才会心悦诚服没有怨言。
You must repay the kindness of others and let go of your resentments.
Spend less time holding grudges and more time paying back the kindness of others.
When you are directing maids and servants, you should be respectable and dignified.
You should be respectable and dignified.
Even though you are respectable and dignified, treat them kindly and generously.
If you use your influence to make them submissive, their hearts will not be with you.
If you can convince them with sound reasoning, they will then have nothing more to say
亲仁 Be Close to and Learn from People of Virtue and Compassion
同是人 类不齐 流俗众 仁者希
果仁者 人多畏 言不讳 色不媚
能亲仁 无限好 德日进 过日少
不亲仁 无限害 小人进 百事坏
易解：同样是人，善恶邪正，心智高低却是良莠不齐。跟著潮流走的 俗人多，仁慈博爱的人少，如果有一位仁德的人出现，大家自然敬畏他，因为他说话公正无私没有隐瞒，又不讨好他人。所以大家才会起敬畏之心。能够亲近有仁德的人，向他学习，真是再好不过了，因为他会使我们的德行一天比一天进步，过错也跟著减少。如果不肯亲近 仁人君子，就会有无穷的祸害，因为不肖的小人会趁虚而入，跑来亲近我们，日积月累，我们的言行举止都会受影响，导致整个人生的失败。（近朱者赤，近墨者 黑。）
We are all human, but we are not the same.
Most of us are ordinary, only a very few have great virtues and high moral principles.
A truly virtuous person is greatly respected by others.
He will not be afraid to speak the truth and he will not fawn on others.
If you are close to and learn from people of great virtue and compassion, you will benefit immensely.
Your virtues will grow daily and your wrongdoings will lessen day by day.
If you are not close to and learn from people of great virtue, you will suffer a great loss.
People without virtue will get close to you and nothing you do will succeed.
余力学文 After All the Above Are Accomplished, You Should Study Further and Learn Literature and Art to Improve Your Cultural and Spiritual Life.
不力行 但学文 长浮华 成何人
但力行 不学文 任己见 昧理真
易解：不能身体力行孝、悌、谨、信、泛爱众、亲仁这些本分，一味 死读书，纵然有些知识，也只是增长自己浮华不实的习气，变成一个不切实际的人，如此读书又有何用？反之，如果只是一味的做，不肯读书学习，就容易依著自己 的偏见做事，蒙蔽了真理，也是不对的。（子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。”）
If you do not actively practice what you have learned but continue to study on the surface, even though your knowledge is increasing it is only superficial. What kind of person will you be ?
If you do not apply your knowledge diligently but stop studying, you will only do things based on your own opinion, thinking it is correct. In fact, what you know is not the truth.
读书法 有三到 心眼口 信皆要
方读此 勿慕彼 此未终 彼勿起
宽为限 紧用功 功夫到 滞塞通
心有疑 随札记 就人问 求确义
易解：读书的方法要注重三到，眼到、口到、心到。三者缺一不可， 如此方能收到事半功倍的效果。研究学问，要专一，要专精才能深入，不能这本书才开始读没多久，又欣羡其他的书，想看其他的书，这样永远也定不下心，必须把 这本书读完，才能读另外一本。 在订定读书计划的时候，不妨宽松一些，实际执行时，就要加紧 用功，严格执行，不可以懈怠偷懒，日积月累功夫深了，原先窒碍不通，困顿疑惑之处自然而然都迎刃而解了。（中庸：用功日久，而一旦豁然贯通焉，则众物之表 里精粗无不到，而吾心之全体大用无不明矣。） 求学当中，心里有疑问，应随时笔记，一有机 会，就向良师益友请教，务必确实明白它的真义。（不耻下问）
There are ways to study. They involve concentration in three areas: your mind, your eyes, and your mouth.
To believe in what you read is equally important.
When you begin to read a book, do not think about another.
If you have not completed the book, do not start another.
Give yourself lots of time to study and study hard.
Given time and effort, you will thoroughly understand.
If you have a question, make a note of it.
Ask the person who has the knowledge for the right answer.
房室清 墙壁净 几案洁 笔砚正
墨磨偏 心不端 字不敬 心先病
列典籍 有定处 读看毕 还原处
虽有急 卷束齐 有缺坏 就补之
易解：书房要整理清洁，墙壁要保持干净，读书时，书桌上笔墨纸砚 等文具要放置整齐，不得凌乱，触目所及皆是井井有条，才能静下心来读书。古人写字使用毛笔，写字前先要磨墨，如果心不在焉，墨就会磨偏了，写出来的字如果 歪歪斜斜，就表示你浮躁不安，心定不下来。 书籍课本应分类，排列整齐，放在固定的位置，读 诵完毕须归还原处。 虽有急事，也要把书本收好再离开，书本是智慧的结晶，有缺损就要修补， 保持完整。（古人一书难求，故有修补之举。）
Keep your room neat, walls uncluttered and clean; your desk tidy and your brush and inkstone properly placed.
If your ink block is ground tilted to one side, it shows you have a poor state of mind.
When words are written carelessly, showing no respect, it shows your state of mind has not been well.
The books should be classified, placed on the book shelves, and in their proper places.
After you finish reading a book, put it back in its right place.
Even though you are in a hurry, neatly roll up and bind the open bamboo scroll you were reading.
Any missing or damaged pages are to be repaired.
非圣书 屏勿视 蔽聪明 坏心志
勿自暴 勿自弃 圣与贤 可驯致
不是传述圣贤言行的著作，以及有害身心健康的不良书刊，都应该摒弃不要看，以免身心受到污染，智慧遭 受蒙蔽，心志变得不健康。遇到困难或挫折的时候，不要自暴自弃，也不必愤世嫉俗，看什么都不顺眼，应该发愤向上努力学习，圣贤境界虽高，循序渐进，也是可 以达到的。 （孟子曰：舜何人也，予何人也，有为者亦若是！） （唐诗：劝君莫惜金缕衣，劝君惜取少年时。花开堪折直须折，莫待无花空折枝。）
